Kurovera masutukesi kwakakosha kune wese munhu kana achifamba kure. Nekuti ivo vakashongedzerwa nemavhiri mana, zviri nyore kwazvo kuvasundira padhuze. Mushure mezvose, kusundira uye kudhonza mutoro zvechokwadi kuri nani pane kuzviita neruoko, handizvo here?
Zana ramakore rechi 19, vanhu vaishandisa matanda emapuranga kurongedza ngarava yavo pavaibuda. Kubva pamaonero emazuva ano, idzo matanda emapuranga aive bulky uye asingabatsiri. Muna 1851, kuratidzira kukuru muLondon kwakaratidza trunk yesimbi yakagadzirwa neBritish. Yakanga yakarongedzwa netsvimbo yematehwe uye anobata, uye airatidzika kunge ari zvishoma nyore kupfuura matanda emapuranga. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rapfuura, maAmerican akagadzira maAluminium masutukesi, ayo akange akaputirwa mumatehwe kunze. Vakanga vari vaviri vanotaridzika zvakanaka uye vairemerwa uye zvinoshanda. Muma1950, mukubuda kweplastics kwakatungamira kune imwe shanduko mune zvigadzirwa zvemasutukezi. Mapurasitiki emasutukesi akawana huwandu hutsva maererano nehuremu kuderedzwa.
Paunenge uchinyatsotarisa nhoroondo yekushanduka-shanduka yemasutuketi, hazvina kuoma kuwana kuti vanhu vanga vachigara vachiita kuedza kukuru munzira yekudzora uremu hwemasutukezi. Zvinoratidzika kuti masutukesi anozvarwa kuti atakure zvakatenderedza. Kana iri musanganiswa wemakunguwe uye masutukesi, zvakaitika muna 1972. Bernard Sadown Company, akashanda kune imwe nyika kubva kuSupermarket ngoro yekutenga ichitenga nemukadzi wake muchitoro chake muchitoro. Iye akabva auya nepfungwa yekusvika mavhiri kusvika pamasutukesi, uye nokudaro sutukesi yekutanga yenyika nemakumbo akaberekerwa.
Panguva iyoyo, Bernard Sadow akasungira mavhiri mana padivi pechinyakare sutukesi, ndiko kuti, iro rakamanikana, ndokushandisa tambo yekuzvisunga kusvika kumagumo e sutuketi ndokudhonza pamwe. Ichi chifananidzo chaive chakafanana nekufamba imbwa. Gare gare, mushure mekuvandudzwa, muviri wesutukezi wakawedzerwa kudzivirira kubva pakukwira pamusoro pavanotuka makona. Uye tambo yetambo yakaitwa kudzoserwa. Nenzira iyi, yakashandiswa kweanopfuura makore gumi. Yakanga isipo kusvika muna 1987 kuti mutungamiriri wetidhi muUnited States akatsiva tambo yetemberi ye sutukesi ine terescopic kubata, iyo yakaumba fomu renyama yemazuva ano ichirovera. Mune mamwe mazwi, sutu yemazuva ano ichirova yave yangove yakati kanenge makore makumi matatu. Zvinoshamisa sei! Zvinoshamisa kuti mavhiri akagadzirwa uye anoshandiswa nevanhu anopfuura zviuru zvishanu makore apfuura, uye masutukesi akavapo zvakare kwemazana emakore. Nekudaro, kwaingova makore makumi mashanu apfuura apfuura kuti vaviri vacho vakasanganiswa pamwe chete.
Muna 1971, vanhu vakatumira vamwe kumwedzi, vachitora danho diki kuvanhu. Nekudaro, zvinoshamisa chaizvo kuti chimwe chinhu chinonzwisisika sekusvika mavhiri kusvika kumasutukesi zvakaitika mushure mekutora kwemwedzi. Chaizvoizvo, kuma1940 ezana ramakore rapfuura, masutukesi aive ne "kusangana kwepedyo" nemavhiri kamwe chete. Panguva iyoyo, iyo Briteni yakashandisa mudziyo wakasungira mavhiri kusvika pamasutukesi, asi zvaigara zvichinzi sechinhu chisina chinhu chinoshandiswa nevakadzi. Uyezve, mumakore mazana mashoma apfuura, nekuda kwemisiyano muchidimbu chebumbiro uye chimiro chemagariro pakati pevarume nevakadzi, zvaiwanzoita kuti vafambe nemutengo kana uchifamba bhizinesi kana kune dzimwe nzungu. Uye kare ikako, varume chaicho vakafunga kuti vakatakura mabhegi makuru uye madiki pamwe nemasutukesi vanogona kuratidza huwandu hwavo. Zvichida zvaive chaizvo rudzi urwu rwechirume chechirume pabasa izvo zvakaita kuti masutukegi akaisa masutukegi kutengeswa pakutanga kwekutanga kwekutanga kwavo. Icho chikonzero chakapihwa nevanhu chaive: Kunyangwe rudzi urwu rwe sutuketi rwakakodzera uye rwunotsigira kushanda nesimba, hazvisi zvekungopa "manly" zvakakwana.
Kungofanana nezvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvinokamanikidza kushaya basa muhupenyu, vakatanga kufungwa sevanongova chete kune vakadzi. Uyu murume wechikadzi pasina mubvunzo wakadzivisa kuyerera. Gare gare, ne "mutemo wekunhuhwirira kwechokwadi" (Zvinoreva kuti vanhu vanochinja pfungwa dzavo mushure mekunge vachisangana nemabhodhi), varume zvishoma nezvishoma vakarega mitoro yavo yepfungwa. Izvi zvinorega zvisina kukodzera chokwadi: Kazhinji taigona kufunga nezve mhinduro dzakanakisa kune dambudziko uye nekudaro takabatwa mune dzakaoma uye dzakaomarara mazano. Semuenzaniso, vachisvika mavhezheni kusvika pamasutukesi, chinhu chakadai chisingade hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi asi zvinoshamisa kuti hapana akafunga nezvazvo kwenguva yakareba.
Kutumira Nguva: Dec-09-2024